How to Boost Testosterone: Cold Plunge Protocols
- Thomas P Seager, PhD
- Sep 22
- 18 min read
Updated: Oct 25
Try these natural alternatives to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT)
Summary
Low testosterone in both men and women can result in health deficits, including low libido, depressed mood, lack of energy, and poor body composition.
Fire fighter Sean Smiley suffered from all of these typical symptoms of low testosterone after a testicle injury. Precooling his ju-jitsu workouts with cold plunge therapy restored his total testosterone to healthy levels.
In men, precooling exercise with an ice bath can provide a significant boost in testosterone & luteinizing hormone, result in long-lasting health benefits, slow ageing, increase libido, and improve sexual & reproductive health.
Women do not need the exercise, as the testosterone produced in their skin cells, fat cells, and adrenal glands is sufficient to maintain healthy sex hormone levels -- even after menopause.
Studies of cold therapy & testosterone in men by far outnumber those in women -- despite the fact that testosterone is more abundant than estrogen in the bodies of both sexes.
There are still no FDA-approved testosterone therapies for women. Nonetheless, one clinical trials cold pressor study and the remarkable experience of two woman suggests women can boost sex hormone levels by ice baths just as well as men.
Low testosterone from testicle injury
When central California Fire Captain Sean Smiley injured a testicle during a training mishap, his total testosterone levels plummeted. Doctors prescribed testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) to compensate for the loss of testicular function, but Smiley wasn't satisfied with his results. He said he didn't like the way he felt on TRT and decided to quit.
He suffered from symptoms typical of low T, including poor body composition and lack of energy -- until he started swimming in his outdoor pool. He found that the cold water boosted his energy and motivated him before he attended his ju-jitsu training sessions, so he maintained the practice even during the winter. It wasn't long before he started noticing other changes, including increased vascularity in his forearms, better musculature, and a return of nocturnal erections.
Lab tests confirmed that his total testosterone levels had jumped, from mid-200's to over 900 ng/dL. He attributes the increase to his practice of cold water swimming to precool his workouts.
Changing attitudes towards TRT
Attitudes towards testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) have improved during the last thirty years. What used to be scorned in the 1990's as the refuge of cheating athletes is now perceived as a quality-of-life-saving treatment for many men and women who are increasing suffering from depressed total testosterone levels.
Part of the normalization of TRT is due to improved dosing formulations and delivery pathways, better mitigation of adverse effects, and popularization by social media influencers like Joe Rogan. However, resistance among some physicians has been persistent. The misconception that testosterone will increase prostate cancer risk causes some physicians to prescribe testosterone suppressants -- even though the data demonstrates that healthy testosterone levels protects against prostate cancer. And concerns about high testosterone being associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease have now been revealed as unfounded (Morgentaler & Traish 2020).
Despite the benefits, many men and women want to avoid being dependent on pharmaceuticals just to feel good. Moreover, low testosterone can be indicative of other serious underlying health concerns that TRT does not address. Therefore, before you experiment with TRT you might be motivated to raise you total testosterone levels naturally.
Protocols for sex hormone health
One of the most popular articles in the Journal of the Morozko Method is What Happened to my Testosterone After Using Ice Baths to Treat my Prostate. In that article, I explained how my testosterone increased from the mid-700's to nearly 1200 ng/dL when I started ice baths followed by rewarming exercises. After two years, my testosterone levels are still over 1000 ng/dL, which is super high, considering I'm almost 60 years old. Moreover, in Do Ice Baths Increase Testosterone? I described several cases studies of other men and women who have boosted their total testosterone levels, just like I did.
I've already published a follow-up article called The Prostate Protocol that goes into greater depth about using cold plunge therapy and a ketogenic diet to manage cancer risks and inhibit tumor growth. What's still missing is an overview of the science of cold plunge therapy and a protocol for boosting total testosterone -- including a description of whether women can also benefit in the same way men can.
To understand how to boost testosterone, it's important to first understand why it is so low in the first place. As I explained in my article Why Is Testosterone So Low? the reason total testosterone levels are declining in the United States has little to do with pornography, or drugs, or the fact that Americans are having less sex than ever. It is because testosterone synthesis originates in the mitochondria, and rates of mitochondrial impairment are at all-time highs.
Therapies that target mitochondrial will boost the production of all sex hormone levels, because it is in the inner membrane of the mitochondria that an enzyme called P450scc modifies cholesterol to form a sex steroid called pregnenolone (Miller 2013). All other sex hormones, including testosterone and the estrogens, are derived from pregnenolone. Therefore, a body with too few mitochondria, or mitochondria that are impaired in some way, will fail to synthesize sufficient pregnenolone and sex hormone levels are sure to suffer. Conversely, any therapy that supports healthy mitochondria will boost sex hormone levels.
I can think of four:
Mineral micronutrients that support mitochondrial health and play an indispensable role in the enzymes or intermediaries critical to testosterone synthesis pathways—e.g., zinc, magnesium, and boron.
Foods, herbs, extracts, or other substances that activate brown fat, stimulate mitochondrial activity, or otherwise modulate mitochondrial function—e.g., fenugreek, tongkat ali, ashwaghanda, and perhaps others.
Behavioral or lifestyle factors such as sleep, sunshine, exercise, sexual confidence, success in competition, and
Cold plunge therapy.
Minerals for mitochondrial support
Proper mitochondrial function relies on nutrients and minerals to support production of enzymes and movement of electrons. Among these are zinc, magnesium, and boron.
Zinc is involved in over a hundred enzymatic reactions within the body, including synthesis of testosterone, metabolism of thyroid hormones, and formation of insulin. Zinc is essential for male fertility, and several studies show that zinc deficiency is associated with low testosterone. Correcting zinc deficiencies with supplements can boost testosterone levels (Te et al. 2023). Most zinc within the body is found in skeletal muscle and bone. However, because zinc cannot be stored in the body in significant quantities, it must be replenished regularly through diet. Zinc leaves the body through the feces, urine, sweat, menstrual flow, and semen. Therefore, men who ejaculate often should probably increase zinc supplementation to replenish that which is being lost.
Magnesium deficiencies are associated with low testosterone. Like zinc, magnesium is an essential mineral that can only be obtained through diet and supplementation, and it is responsible for a variety of conditions affecting sexual function including heart health, blood flow, and energy vs. fatigue. Up to 15% of the male population presents magnesium deficiencies linked to poor diet, so magnesium is often included in testosterone-boosting products and supplement stacks. It is also vital to support good mitochondrial health and metabolism which is often degraded by the aging process itself, so magnesium's role in testosterone production is at least fundamental to maintaining the health of the cells that produce testosterone.
Research related to the effects of boron supplements on testosterone dates back several decades. Clinical trials suggest that supplementing with boron promotes sex steroid synthesis, including testosterone. The mechanisms remain mysterious although evidence indicates that boron uncouples steroid hormones from their carriers in the blood, which may increase free testosterone (Bello et al. 2018). For example, when boron was administered to human subjects at the University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, researchers measured significant decreases in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) after only six hours. A corresponding increase in free testosterone suggests that boron supplementation was effective for freeing up a portion of total testosterone by releasing it from SHBG. Moreover, after one week, subjects exhibited an increase in total testosterone and a decrease in estradiol (Naghii et al. 2011).
Foods, herbs, & extracts
When two Russian scientists working in sports medicine conducted a review of supplements that claim to boost testosterone, they found promising evidence only for Tongkat Ali, ashwagandha, and fenugreek. The duo ruled out Anacyclus pyrethrum, Bulbine natalensis, horny goat weed, L-arginine, L-carnitine, Mucuna pruriens, and saw palmetto (Lazarev & Bezuglov 2021).
Tongkat Ali is derived from an evergreen bush growing in Indonesia. It has been used for centuries as a remedy for male infertility, and clinical evidence shows that it likely will improve male libido, sexual performance (e.g., erection), and sperm quality (Thu et al. 2017). Moreover, Tongkat Ali inhibits the growth of tumor cells in the prostate and breast (Jothi et al. 2023). Because many disorders of sex function, as well as cancers, originate in mitochondrial dysfunction, we might surmise that Tongkat Ali stimulates mitochondrial activity. However, research investigating mitochondrial effects of Tongkat Ali is absent from the literature.
Ashwagandha is a shrub that grows in India, parts of the Middle East, and North Africa. It has been used for centuries as a calming agent to help reduce or respond to stress. When researchers in India administered ashwagandha to a group of fifty men suffering from low sexual desire for eight straight weeks, they were able to measure significant increases in blood serum testosterone levels and sexual function (Chauhan et al. 2022). Moreover, another eight-week Indian study that included both men and women administered ashwagandha in combination with a strength training program and measured increased testosterone levels in both sexes (Wankhede et al. 2015).
Fenugreek is an annual herb native to Southern Europe. The seeds have been traditionally used to enhance testosterone levels, and clinical trials in human beings support its effectiveness. For example, researchers in Wyoming have demonstrated that fenugreek is effective for improving insulin sensitivity, increasing blood serum testosterone, and increasing lean body mass in healthy male athletes (Guo et al. 2018). Researchers in Oslo, Norway who administered a fenugreek extract to ninety-five men for twelve weeks measured 10% increases in blood serum testosterone, compared to placebo controls (Lee-Ødegård et al 2024). By now it should come as no surprise to you that these are exactly the types of effects we would expect to see if fenugreek stimulated improved mitochondrial function.
Behavioral & lifestyle factors
Sleep is essential for sex hormone balance because testosterone is produced during sleep. A University of Chicago study found that a small sample of healthy young men experienced a reduction of 10%-15% in total testosterone after one week during which they were limited to just five hours of sleep per night. Although that study enlisted a small cohort of subjects, about 15% of the US working population is getting just the same five hours to which the study subjects were limited (Leproult et al. 2011). This suggests that for testosterone production, quantity and quality of sleep is critical to any testosterone boosting protocol.
Exercise can result in a slight testosterone boost. However, any long-term, sustained increases due to workouts alone are likely to be minimal (Riachy et al. 2020). Moreover, overtraining can reduce testosterone levels.
In general, moderate exercise is beneficial to mitochondria and will improve body composition by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. However, a lean body composition and a rigorous exercise regimen was no safeguard against low testosterone. For example, I've heard from two male professional athletes who suffered from low testosterone prior to commencing a practice of cold plunge therapy followed by exercise. We should conclude that exercise by itself, while excellent for overall health, is typically insufficient to achieve optimum testosterone levels in physically fit men.
Sunshine is essential to good overall health and mitochondrial function. It can even boost libido and sex function. Moreover, Vitamin D levels are correlated with testosterone levels. However, I suspect that the reason for the correlation is because both Vitamin D synthesis and testosterone synthesis are downstream of cholesterol conversion. They are associated with one another only because they have common origins. Just because sunshine is one of the best things you can do for your sexual health does not mean that taking Vitamin D supplements will boost testosterone.
A relationship between testosterone and competition has been observed across all types of contests, even video games and rock-paper-scissors. Participants in competitive activities gain testosterone in anticipation of the competition and increase testosterone when they win (Casto & Edwards 2016). Men and women who seek to boost their testosterone might do well to participate in competitions that confer some status on the competitors.
Cold plunge for testosterone in men
A study of American young men who lift weights at least twice a week compared testosterone levels resulting from two post-work out recovery regimes: 1) cold water immersion (CWI), and 2) passive recovery. Those who practiced cold recovery experienced lower post-workout testosterone levels, compared to those who did not (Earp et al. 2019). These results corroborate several others that suggest cold water immersion after exercise will mute anabolic gains from resistance training. In other words, if you're going to use an ice bath after exercise to reduce your muscle soreness and speed recovery, it's best to wait several hours after your workout, so you don't cut your testosterone levels. To maximize your gains, precool your workout by doing your cold exposure prior to your workout.
A study of 12 male rugby players examined the effects of precooling with whole-body-cryotherapy (WBC) on subsequent exercise performance and salivary testosterone. Researchers noticed a significant boost in jumping velocity that is consistent with studies I cited in Precool Your Workout. Plus, they measured an increase testosterone among those who completed the cryotherapy prior to exercise (Partridge et al. 2022). The data is confused by large uncertainty bands, and the fact that those subjects in the randomized control group started with higher blood serum testosterone than those in the cryotherapy group. Nonetheless, two hours after completing precooling and jump testing, the testosterone in the cold-treated group caught up to the control group -- mostly because the control group dropped and the cold-treated group increased. Because the study was conducted in the afternoon, between the hours of 1P- 6P, we would expect the control group testosterone to fall in accordance with the normal diurnal variation in male testosterone levels, which typically reach their nadir in the evening before sleep. The fact that the precooled group boosted testosterone at a time of day when it is expected to decline corroborates the previous findings in Sakamoto et al. (1991).
A longer study of Italian rugby players tracked changes in testosterone levels resulting from seven straight days of twice-daily cold air cryotherapy. Players did three and a half minutes at -140°C after morning and evening workouts. The cryotherapy showed no effect on testosterone levels after the first day. However, after the full week of two-a-day treatments, the players' average saliva testosterone levels jumped nearly 50%, while 17β-estradiol dropped by 25% (Grasso et al. 2014). Because they were doing cryo twice a day, they were alternating it with exercise, which makes the study hard to interpret with regard to which came first: the exercise or the cold exposure.
Cold plunge for testosterone in women
Several deleterious effects can be associated with reduced testosterone in women, including "diminished sense of well-being, depression, decreased energy, decreased muscle mass and strength, decreased sexual desire, (decreased) sexual receptivity, (decreased) sexual arousal and orgasm, loss of pubic hair, changes in cognition and memory," and increased risk of bone density loss -- i.e., osteoporosis (Al-Azzawi & Palacious 2009). In fact, the most common indication for testosterone therapy in women is low sex drive (Shufelt & Brownstein 2009).
In both sexes, testosterone builds healthy muscles, helps maintain lean body composition, and boosts libido. However, few people realize that testosterone is the dominant sex hormone in women, just as it is in men. Blood labs comparing testosterone and estrogen are typically confusing, because these hormones are reported in different chemical units. Estrogen concentration is reported as picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) and testosterone is reported as nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). As a consequence, to compare testosterone and estrogen measurements in identical units, you have to multiple the testosterone numbers by ten. Only then does it become obvious that healthy women have 2x-3x more testosterone circulating in their bloodstream than estrogen -- despite the fact that healthy women still have only one tenth the testosterone of healthy men.
The ovaries account for only about 25% of testosterone synthesis in a woman's body. The association of maximum testosterone production with ovulation may explain why many women experience a 50% testosterone drop after menopause. However, secondary sources of testosterone include the skin cells, fat cells, and adrenal glands -- all of which are stimulated by an ice bath. Wwhen a woman plunges her whole body neck-deep into cold water, her adrenals, her skin cells, and her fat cells all go into overdrive in response, which likely explains how Ice Baths Boost Women's Hormonal Health.
Given the adverse health outcomes, and the inevitability of menopause, you might think that there has been considerable research attention directed towards testosterone therapies for women. But just the opposite is true. There are still no US FDA-approved treatments for testosterone insufficiency in women, meaning that for women who do seek testosterone therapy "clinicians have no choice but to prescribe testosterone off-label, using products approved for men but at a much lower dose appropriate for women" (Traish & Morgantaler 2022). Nonetheless, adjusting dosage is problematic, given difficulties in establishing healthy target levels of testosterone in the absence of research guidance.
There is only one scientific study of cold exposure and testosterone in women. A few years ago, researchers recruited 32 undergraduate women to participate in a cold pressor test of pain tolerance. They discovered that cold stimulation increases testosterone in women, even without exercise (Archey et al. 2019).
While the researchers didn't mention the potential implications of their findings as a natural therapy for producing endogenous testosterone in menopausal women, their study points to the next obvious step: measure before/after testosterone levels in women starting whole body cold water therapy in the ice bath.
How to Increase Testosterone: The Protocols
Because sex hormone synthesis originates in the mitochondria, the focus of our testosterone-boosting protocol is mitogenesis -- i.e., production of new mitochondria. In my article Ice Baths for Mitochondrial Therapy, I described a protocol for mitochondrial health in the context of longevity, and I will repeat some of that here. The essential thing to retain from that article is that cold plunge therapy is the best way to stimulate an increase in the total amount of mitochondria (Yau et al. 2021). CAUTION: when contemplating a new practice of cold plunge therapy, be sure to follow the precautionary protocols in Dangers of Deliberate Cold (Ice Bath Safety). Consult with your physician whenever you exhibit one or more of the Contraindications to Cold Plunging.
Cold Plunge Testosterone Protocols
Submerge your entire body, up to the neck, in water cold enough o induce the gasp reflex. That may be as warm as 50F, depending on your prior state of cold training. Nonetheless, decrease the temperature of your plunge by about 1F/day until you get to about 34F, with ice forming in the water, to ensure you activate the sympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system.
Stay submerged for 2-4 minutes. When starting out, this should be sufficient to feel the urge to shiver. However, two weeks of daily cold plunging will acclimate your body to the cold, improve your thermoregulatory defenses, and the urge to shiver will likely subside.
Rewarm you body with light exercise following your cold plunge.. A good rule of thumb is three minutes of exercise for every one minute of cold plunging. That could walking/rucking, lunges or squats, stairs, steel mace flow, cycling, or kettlebells. It's not important to go hard. Just exercise enough to rewarm. As I described in Cold Plunge Sex Health, a study of Czech Army soldiers, both men and women, experienced a significant boost in sexual satisfaction by following this protocol.
Phototherapy Testosterone Protocols
Do your rewarming exercises outside, whenever sunshine is available to you. The full spectrum exposure to UVB, UVA, visible light, and infrared (IR) is the best medicine for general health. Expose as much of your skin as decorum at your location allows, and maintain the minimum exposure of three minutes of rewarming sunshine for every one minute in the cold.
Secondarily, red/IR exposure directly on a man's testicles can stimulate stimulate mitochondria in his Leydig cells and encourage the synthesis of sex hormones. However, there are no studies of red/IR in combination with cold plunge. Therefore, do not exceed three minutes of direct red/IR light exposure on the testicles for every one minute in the cold. Moreover, ensure that the red/IR is not warming. Testicles work best when they are slightly cooler than body temperature, which is why they hang outside the body in the first place. Sauna and warm light can interfere with proper testicle function, and should be avoided whenever a man is trying to conceive a baby. CAUTION: Do not exposure your testicles to green light. Some research has demonstrated direct green light exposure will inhibit testosterone and sex function in men (Sayed & Abdelfatah 2018).
Nutritional Testosterone Protocols
Zinc supports sex hormone synthesis. Only diets rich in shellfish, such as oysters, will provide enough zinc to boost testosterone. For those who don't eat straight from the ocean floor, one of the best ways to ensure sufficient zinc intake is to supplement. Morning Wood by Mike Mutzel's Myoxcience brand contains beef testicle extract, ashwagandha, zinc, and magnesium. Follow the package instructions.
Magnesium is essential for mitochondrial function. As I wrote in Magnesium is Critical for Cold Thermogenesis, a regular practice of cold plunge therapy will deplete the bones of magnesium that must be replenished. I add Espom I supplement with magnesium L-threonate. Other forms, including magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, and magnesium glycinate will also be effective. Magnesium hydroxide is not absorbed well into the body and is best used as a laxative, not a nutrition supplement. To get transdermal absorption of magnesium in your ice bath, follow my instructions in How to Make An Epsom Salt Ice Bath.
Other sources of supplementary zinc can include zinc sulfate salts in your ice bath, according to the recipe I published in Epsom Salt Makes Ice Baths Better, or other dietary supplements.
Lifestyle Testosterone Protocols
When it comes to behavioral/lifestyle modifications that support healthy testosterone levels, getting adequate sleep is the most important. Poor sleep, including use of pharmaceutical sleep drugs, interferes with sex hormone synthesis. Instead, use Dr Kirk Parsley's Sleep Remedy to support healthy, deep sleep. Additionally, it's important to find something in which to compete. The body responds to anticipation of a challenging competition by boosting testosterone, whether the contest in is chess or sport.
CAUTION: Some medications will suppress testosterone synthesis. You may implement every protocol in this article and still fail to see testosterone gains due to these medications. Consult with your doctor before discontinuing prescribed medicines that may be interfering with your testosterone levels.
References
Al-Azzawi F, Palacios S. Hormonal changes during menopause. Maturitas. 2009 Jun 20;63(2):135-7.
Archey M, Goldey K, Crockett E, Boyette-Davis J. An investigation of the effects of testosterone and behavioral expressions of pain on sex/gender differences in pain perception. Psychological Reports. 2019 Jun;122(3):826-40.
Bello M, Guadarrama-García C, Velasco-Silveyra LM, Farfán-García ED, Soriano-Ursúa MA. Several effects of boron are induced by uncoupling steroid hormones from their transporters in blood. Medical Hypotheses. 2018 Sep 1;118:78-83.
Casto KV, Edwards DA. Testosterone, cortisol, and human competition. Hormones and behavior. 2016 Jun 1;82:21-37.
Chauhan S, Srivastava MK, Pathak AK. Effect of standardized root extract of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on well‐being and sexual performance in adult males: A randomized controlled trial. Health Science Reports. 2022 Jul;5(4):e741.
Earp JE, Hatfield DL, Sherman A, Lee EC, Kraemer WJ. Cold-water immersion blunts and delays increases in circulating testosterone and cytokines post-resistance exercise. European journal of applied physiology. 2019 Aug 1;119:1901-7.
Grasso D, Lanteri P, Di Bernardo C, Mauri C, Porcelli S, Colombini A, Zani V, Bonomi FG, Melegati G, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Salivary steroid hormone response to whole-body cryotherapy in elite rugby players. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents. 2014 Apr 1;28(2):291-300.
Guo R, Wang Q, Nair RP, Barnes SL, Smith DT, Dai B, Robinson TJ, Nair S. Furosap, a novel Fenugreek seed extract improves lean body mass and serum testosterone in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical investigation. Functional Foods in Health and Disease. 2018 Nov 30;8(11):519-30.
Jothi S, Parumasivam T, Mohtar N. Eurycoma longifolia: an overview on the pharmacological properties for the treatment of common cancer. Journal of Public Health in Africa. 2023 Mar 16;14(Suppl 1):2495.
Lazarev A, Bezuglov E. Testosterone boosters intake in athletes: Current evidence and further directions. Endocrines. 2021 May 17;2(2):109-20.
Lee-Ødegård S, Gundersen TE, Drevon CA. Effect of a plant extract of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on testosterone in blood plasma and saliva in a double blind randomized controlled intervention study. Plos one. 2024 Sep 17;19(9):e0310170.
Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Effect of 1 week of sleep restriction on testosterone levels in young healthy men. Jama. 2011 Jun 1;305(21):2173-4.
Partridge EM, Cooke J, McKune AJ, Pyne DB. Application of acute pre-exercise partial-body cryotherapy promotes jump performance, salivary-amylase and athlete readiness. Biology of Sport. 2021;39(3):563-9.
Miller WL. Steroid hormone synthesis in mitochondria. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2013 Oct 15;379(1-2):62-73.
Morgentaler A, Traish A. The history of testosterone and the evolution of its therapeutic potential. Sexual medicine reviews. 2020 Apr;8(2):286-96.
Naghii MR, Mofid M, Asgari AR, Hedayati M, Daneshpour MS. Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology. 2011 Jan 1;25(1):54-8.
Sakamoto K, Wakabayashi I, Yoshimoto S, Masui H, Katsuno S. Effects of physical exercise and cold stimulation on serum testosterone level in men. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene). 1991 Jun 15;46(2):635-8.
Sayed MA, Abdelfatah M. Effect of light-emitting diode (led) light color on testicular growth, circulating testosterone concentration and sperm quality in dandarawi roosters. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal. 2018 Mar 1;38(1):195-205.
Shufelt CL, Braunstein GD. Safety of testosterone use in women. Maturitas. 2009 May 20;63(1):63-6.
Te L, Liu J, Ma J, Wang S. Correlation between serum zinc and testosterone: A systematic review. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2023 Mar 1;76:127124.
Thu HE, Mohamed IN, Hussain Z, Jayusman PA, Shuid AN. Eurycoma Longifolia as a potential adoptogen of male sexual health: a systematic review on clinical studies. Chinese journal of natural medicines. 2017 Jan 1;15(1):71-80.
Traish AM, Morgentaler A. Androgen therapy in women with testosterone insufficiency: looking back and looking ahead. Clinical Research and Therapeutics. 2022 Jan 1;3(1):2-13.
Wankhede S, Langade D, Joshi K, Sinha SR, Bhattacharyya S. Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2015 Nov 25;12(1):43
Yau WW, Wong KA, Zhou J, Thimmukonda NK, Wu Y, Bay BH, Singh BK, Yen PM. Chronic cold exposure induces autophagy to promote fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial turnover, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. IScience. 2021 May 21;24(5).
About the Author
Thomas P Seager, PhD is an Associate Professor in the School of Sustainable Engineering at Arizona State University. Seager co-founded the Morozko Forge ice bath company and is an expert in the use of ice baths for building metabolic and psychological resilience.